Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Riwayat Hipertensi pada Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang

Berdasarkan data Dinkes Kesehatan Kota Padang (2021) jumlah kasus hipertensi tertinggi berada di Puskesmas Andalas sebanyak 14.914 orang.Jumlah lansia yang menderita hipertensi sebanyak 968 (23%) orang.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan riwayat hipertensi pada lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Tahun 2023.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan desain crosssectional study.Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret – Agustus 2023.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas yang berjumlah 4.103 orang dengan sampel 98 orang.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling.Analisis data menggunakan komputerisasi secara univariat dan bivariat.
Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa 53,1% lansia memiliki riwayat hipertensi, 62,2% lansia memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi, 52,0% lansia mengalami obesitas, 70,4% lansia tidak memiliki kebiasaan merokok, 58,2% lansia tidak memiliki kebiasaan olahraga. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat keluarga (p-value=0,032), obesitas (p-value=0,009), kebiasaan olahraga (p-value=0,010) dengan riwayat hipertensi sedangkan kebiasaan merokok tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p-value=0,694) dengan riwayat hipertensi pada lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas.
Terdapat hubungan riwayat keluarga, obesitas, kebiasaan olahraga, terhadap riwayat hipertensi pada lansia.Diharapkan bagi pihak Puskesmas Andalas untuk lebih memberikan penyuluhan, skrinning kesehatan, posyandu dan senam kepada lansia.Hal ini bertujuan agar bisa mengurangi angka kejadian hipertensi pada lansia.

Based on data from the Padang City Health Office (2021), the highest number of hypertension cases were in the Andalas Health Center as many as 14,914 people. The number of elderly people suffering from hypertension is 968 (23%) people. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with a history of hypertension in the elderly in the Andalas Health Center Working Area in 2023.
The research method used is quantitative with a cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in March – August 2023. The population in this study was the elderly in the Andalas Health Center Working Area which amounted to 4,103 people with a sample of 98 people. The sampling technique uses Purposive Sampling. Data analysis uses computerized univariate and bivariate manners.
The results of the study found that 53.1% of the elderly had a history of hypertension, 62.2% of the elderly had a family history of hypertension, 52.0% of the elderly were obese, 70.4% of the elderly did not have smoking habits, 58.2% of the elderly did not have exercise habits. Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that there is a significant relationship between family history (p-value = 0.032), obesity (p-value = 0.009), exercise habits (p-value = 0.010) with a history of hypertension while smoking habits do not have a significant relationship (p-value = 0.694) with a history of hypertension in the elderly in the Andalas Health Center Work Area.
There is a relationship between family history, obesity, exercise habits, and a history of hypertension in the elderly. It is hoped that the Andalas Health Center will be more biased in providing counseling, health screening, posyandu and gymnastics to the elderly. This aims to reduce the incidence of hypertension in the elderly.